It was there that the KLM plane lay split into several pieces, the burnt out shell of its fuselage rising ghost-like above a field of blackened debris. MagellanTV is a new kind of streaming service run by filmmakers with 3,000+ documentaries! And so, as we launch into yet another account of the Tenerife Disaster, it is worth stepping back from the glaring carnage and the accusations of guilt to consider more important questions. The Tenerife Disaster did catalyze several major changes in the aviation industry. Although the scale of the disaster did cause experts to accelerate their efforts to fix cultural problems in the cockpit, the existence of the issue and its possible solutions were already known well before KLM flight 4805 began its fateful takeoff roll. The flight engineer was the only member of the KLM's flight crew to react to the control tower's instruction to "report when runway clear"; this might have been due to his having completed his pre-flight checks, whereas his colleagues were experiencing an increased workload, just as the visibility worsened. According to their charts, the third exit was a narrow strip angling sharply back the way they came, requiring two successive 148-degree turns to get onto the main taxiway, which paralleled the runway. That would mean they should leave the runway via the fourth and final exit, which was easy for a 747 to use. The tail slammed into the runway in a shower of sparks as the fully laden 747, its engines straining, fought heroically to become airborne. "[4], The controller, who could not see the runway due to the fog, initially responded with "OK" (terminology that is nonstandard), which reinforced the KLM captain's misinterpretation that they had takeoff clearance. [15] The airport had only one runway and one major taxiway running parallel to it, with four short taxiways connecting the two. Engines, pieces of fuselage, and burning jet fuel flew in every direction. -Eyeshadow: https://go.magik.ly/ml/1344j/-Eyeliner: https://go.magik.ly/ml/1103c/-Lashes: https://go.magik.ly/ml/1103f/-Blush: https://go.magik.ly/ml/1103i/-Brow Gel: https://go.magik.ly/ml/1103l/-Foundation: https://go.magik.ly/ml/ztrl/-Highlighter: https://go.magik.ly/ml/ztro/-Mascara: https://go.magik.ly/ml/ztrs/-Lips: https://go.magik.ly/ml/1103j/-Tiny curling Iron: https://amzn.to/3mfh17RYoutube Essentials I use: -Camera: https://go.magik.ly/ml/ztqw/-Lights: https://go.magik.ly/ml/ztqx/-Hard drive (used to create longer videos): https://go.magik.ly/ml/ztr6/-Microphone: https://go.magik.ly/ml/ztr8/-Tri-pod: https://go.magik.ly/ml/ztra/-\r128GB Memory Card (NEED for longer vids): https://go.magik.ly/ml/ztrb/-Wireless remote for camera: https://go.magik.ly/ml/ztrd/*Affiliate links above help support this channel and cost you nothing :) SOURCES: https://www.magellantv.com/video/airline-disaster-crash-of-the-century-https://confessionsofatrolleydolly.com/2017/03/26/angels-of-the-sky-dorothy-kelly-the-tenerife-disaster/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bJkLrLwmV0Yhttps://www.news-journalonline.com/news/20181001/mama-im-alive-incredible-story-of-survivalhttps://www.bbc.com/news/av/magazine-35695521https://metro.co.uk/2018/10/01/woman-who-survived-worst-plane-crash-ever-saw-passenger-sliced-in-half-by-seatbelt-7995452/https://peterstenerifecrashpage.wordpress.comhttps://www.historynet.com/disaster-on-tenerife-historys-worst-airline-accident.htm#solved #survived #sponsored These days, he spent most of his time training new pilots, and the trip to the island of Gran Canaria would be his first regular line flight in twelve weeks. [65][66], In 2007, the 30th anniversary marked the first time that Dutch and American next-of-kin and aid helpers from Tenerife joined an international commemoration service, held at the Auditorio de Tenerife in Santa Cruz. The KLM 747 was within 100m (330ft) of the Pan Am and moving at approximately 140 knots (260km/h; 160mph) when it left the ground. In March 1977, two jumbo jets collided at Tenerife Airport killing 583 people. In 1978, a second airport was opened on the island of Tenerife, the new Tenerife South Airport (TFS), which now serves the majority of international tourist flights. This has also involved the construction of Captain Jacob van Zanten as a sort of folk villain, creating an archetype of an angry, self-aggrandizing blowhard who took off out of sheer recklessness. At the time of the accident, Grubbs had 21,043 hours of flight time, of which 564 hours were on the 747. In the main cabin, the roof opened up to reveal a sky of blazing orange. By half past 14:00, the number of planes had become so large that the queue spilled all the way across the parking apron and into parts of the main taxiway. Four systemic problems in fact set the stage for the Tenerife Disaster. They collided on the runway after the departing KLM aircraft started its take-off run before the taxiing Pan Am aircraft had vacated the strip. The Tenerife airport disaster occurred on 27 March 1977, when two Boeing 747 passenger jets collided on the runway at Los Rodeos Airport [1] (now Tenerife North Airport) on the Spanish island of Tenerife. Why did 918 people die because of this man? The official investigation suggested that this might have been due to not only to the captain's seniority in rank but also his being one of the most respected pilots working for the airline. Seconds later, the controller said to the Pan Am crew, Papa Alpha one seven three six, report the runway clear.. Meanwhile, KLM Captain Jacob van Zanten made another calculated decision which would further delay their departure from Tenerife but might reduce their overall time on duty. KLM flight 4805 was among the first to arrive, touching down at 13:38. Video, 00:01:09As far as pranks go it was a good one - Gary Lineker, WATCH: Prince William reveals who's the better cook at home. The apparent hesitation of the flight engineer and the first officer to challenge Veldhuyzen van Zanten further. All 72 people, including five Indian passengers, on board the crashed Yeti Airlines aircraft are believed to be dead as rescue workers made little progress in finding any survivors even as they recovered one more body and the black box from the accident site, officials said on Monday. Video, 00:00:18, Police carry away Greta Thunberg from protest, As far as pranks go it was a good one - Gary Lineker. On board the Pan Am 747, a number of people had been killed by the collision itself, but most of the 396 passengers and crew were still alive. In an environment where multiple people are talking to one another, the human brain tends to search for key words that indicate a statements relevance to the listener. In some accidents it can be said that the resulting changes ensured that the victims did not die in vain. How did this happen, the KLM looks like it survives better after the initial collision? . Check out our personal recommendation and MagellanTVs exclusive playlists: https://www.magellantv.com/genres/crime-and-mysteryMERCH: https://teespring.com/stores/brookemakennaPrevious Video: https://youtu.be/ojeaYpvJR-MSurvival Series: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLJNM56pGxk\u0026list=PLrsG4EEms7RBriJhXqDfcT9RDFB5omAsZMy Videos In Playlists: -SOLVED CASES: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrsG4EEms7RCza4idCIaM5BgGoNalxNvN-UNSOLVED CASES: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrsG4EEms7RDoWNbwjRhZThdo7cv9comZ-SURVIVAL STORIES: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLJNM56pGxk\u0026list=PLrsG4EEms7RBriJhXqDfcT9RDFB5omAsZ-KiDS WHO KILL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XcA14MmWKZA\u0026list=PLrsG4EEms7RA-wQnZ4UgiCgzg_KJ1zTrcIt was 1977 in the Canary Islands. Video, 00:04:17The fish that nearly caused a war. The only word the KLM pilots definitely heard was the controllers Okay, which they mistakenly took for confirmation that the controller understood their intentions. I like this, someone drily commented. At the last moment, the wheels left the runway and the plane lurched into the air, but it was too late. Its nose landing gear cleared the Pan Am, but its left-side engines, lower fuselage, and main landing gear struck the upper right side of the Pan Am's fuselage,[10] ripping apart the center of the Pan Am jet almost directly above the wing. (GettyImages) Considering that a 747 could not negotiate the third taxiway, the crew considered whether the controller started counting up to three from the position they were in when the message was sent, by which time they had already passed the first one. First Officer Bob Bragg and Flight Engineer George Warns left the airplane to check whether they could fit past the KLM 747, only to return crestfallen: having paced out the distance between the KLMs wing and the edge of the taxiway, they found it to be four meters too narrow. Shortly after they turned onto the runway it decreased to less than 100m (330ft). [10] The refueling took about 35 minutes, after which the passengers were brought back to the aircraft. Video, 00:04:59The worst crash in aviation history, Up Next. In a typical simulator session, the trainee would arrive at the runway threshold, van Zanten would announce cleared for takeoff, and they would go without any delay. . The controller thought he meant they were at the takeoff position, but he seemed to have a moment of doubt. On the KLM, the Pan Am 747 also appeared suddenly through the fog, its white bulk looming dead ahead. Others compared the near-miss to the infamous Tenerife Airport Disaster in 1977, when two Boeing 747 passenger jets collided on the runway of what was then called Los Rodeos Airport. KLM's chief instructor, Tenerife airport disaster: Spouse(s) Henritte Veldhuyzen van Zanten-Segers (b. Clouds at 600m (2,000ft) above ground level at the nearby coast are at ground level at Los Rodeos. Follow on IG TikTok Join Fan Lab. The controller was also struggling to figure out how best to handle the massive 747s. On March 27, 1977, KLM flight 4805 departs Schipol Airport, in Amsterdam, with 3 pilots: Captain Jacob Veldhuyzen van Zanten, first officer Klaas Meurs and flight engineer Willem Schreuder. Investigators believed that he nearly did so before First Officer Meurs told him to wait a minute., A second factor could be seen in the ambiguity of certain communications. This problem becomes particularly acute on the saddle between the islands two main mountain ranges, where the terrain funnels clouds directly over Los Rodeos Airport at a high rate of speed. During the Tenerife Airport disaster, everyone in the KLM plane died, however some in the Pan Am survived. The use of ambiguous non-standard phrases by the KLM co-pilot ("We're at take off") and the Tenerife control tower ("OK"). [27], According to the cockpit voice recorder (CVR), the Pan Am captain said, "There he is!" This course of action was later expanded into what is known today as crew resource management (CRM), which states that all pilots, no matter how experienced they are, are allowed to contradict each other. With a minimum takeoff visibility of 300 meters, they knew they needed to start rolling before the cloud enveloped them again. 150 meters on, it crashed to the ground and broke into three pieces. Critically, however, he used the word takeoff in the transmission (right turn after takeoff), precisely the cue which Captain van Zanten was primed to expect. Video, 00:05:10The man who discovered Harry Potter, Chess gets a risqu makeover. V one, First Officer Meurs called out. He was one of the most respected pilots at KLM, the head of the airlines Boeing 747 training program, a man so revered that when the airline first heard of the crash they tried to recruit him to lead the investigation, not realizing he was dead. This was a problem in the crash when the Flight Engineer asked if they were not clear, but Jacob Veldhuyzen van Zanten (the captain of the KLM, with over 11,000 hours flown) said that they were obviously clear and the Flight Engineer decided that it was best not to contradict the captain. [51] These included: The extra fuel taken on by the KLM added several factors: As a consequence of the accident, sweeping changes were made to international airline regulations and to aircraft. Many summaries of the accident today would have the reader believe van Zanten took off knowing he had not received clearance, even though this couldnt be further from the truth. Get off! With no ground radar at the airport, the controller had to rely on pilot reports to keep track of the locations of the 747s. There were 61 survivors. Those who survived this airplane crash would go on to tell the story of how they got out and what really happened that day inside the planes. The other 61 passengers and crew aboard the Pan Am aircraft survived, including the captain, first officer, and flight engineer. The four engines, landing gear, and rear fuselage tore through the right side of the Pan Am jet in a dozen places simultaneously. Two simultaneous warnings that could have revealed his mistake cancelled each other out, causing him to hear neither. Visibility oscillated between about 100 and 900 meters on a very rapid interval, and the taxiways were not marked with any sort of sign or painted number. Travelled first class and was seated in row 2. Cockpit procedures were also reviewed, contributing to the establishment of crew resource management as a fundamental part of airline pilots' training.[7]. The disaster simply added another 583 deaths to the growing pile of evidence that testified against the existing system. Early on the afternoon of March 27th, the Fuerzas Aramadas Guanches detonated an improvised bomb inside a florists shop inside the terminal at Gran Canaria Airport, wounding the shopkeeper. This was a sign that he had become more narrowly focused on taxiing, which due to the fog, the lack of taxiway markings, and the extremely tight turn at the end of the runway was a task requiring careful concentration. Nevertheless, when aviation experts in the 1970s expressed their concern about the inevitability of a fatal collision between two jumbo jets, they expected it to occur in New York or London or Los Angeles not at a tiny single-runway airport on an island off the coast of Africa, so far from what were traditionally considered the worlds busiest airways. There were 61 survivors Badly damaged, the KLM jumbo lands back on the runway and skids for a thousand feet before bursting into flames before any of the 248 passengers and crew could escape. The KLM four eight zero five is now ready for takeoff, and uh, we are waiting for our ATC clearance, First Officer Meurs said over the radio. The KLMs number four engine sliced off the Pan Ams fully occupied upper deck and hurled it down the runway, instantly killing everyone inside. Was anything learned? [23], Los Rodeos airport is at 633 meters (2,077ft) above sea level, which gives rise to weather conditions that differ from those at many other airports. He recounts the worst aviation disaster in history with his first hand experience as a survivor of the Canary Island disaster where the initial death toll included 544 people with only 75 initial survivors. All of these factors helped create a situation in which unambiguous radio communications were essential to safety. Veldhuyzen van Zanten emphatically replied "Oh, yes" and continued with the takeoff. In the cockpit, all three pilots survived the collision, but the stairs to the lower deck had vanished along with the lounge, and they were forced to jump down into the first class cabin. [22] The official report from the Spanish authorities explained that the controller instructed the Pan Am aircraft to use the third taxiway because this was the earliest exit that they could take to reach the unobstructed section of the parallel taxiway. [31], Due to the fog, neither crew was able to see the other plane on the runway ahead of them. Six of the Leisure World survivors--Herbert and Lura Waldrip, Mario Tyzbir, Byron and Grace Ellerbrock and Olson--still live there. Alexander was a passenger on Pan Am flight 1477, one of two Boeing 747 jumbo jets that collided on the island of Tenerife in March 1977, killing more than 583 . The first crash investigators to arrive at Tenerife the day after the crash travelled there by way of a three-hour boat ride from Las Palmas. The back of the economy class cabin was so choked with debris that few, if any, of those seated there managed to escape; one must presume that they burned to death as the fire ripped through the plane. Until that point, aircrew and controllers should use the word "departure" in its place (e.g., "ready for departure"). Less experienced flight crew members were encouraged to challenge their captains when they believed something to be incorrect, and captains were instructed to listen to their crew and evaluate all decisions in light of crew concerns. Meurs read the flight clearance back to the controller, completing the readback with the statement: "We are now at takeoff. Having no good reason to believe that the KLM would take off without clearance, he considered Meurss transmission to mean that they had assumed the takeoff position. The sudden fog greatly limited visibility and the control tower and the crews of both planes were unable to see one another. First Officer Bragg, having felt only a mild impact, reached up to flip the fuel shutoff switches, only to find that the entire overhead panel was gone, and so was the roof it had been attached to. Get MagellanTV here: https://try.magellantv.com/brookemakenna \u0026 get an exclusive offer extended to my viewers: an extra month FREE. He spoke to Witness about that terrible disaster. The full load of fuel, which had caused the earlier delay, ignited immediately into a fireball that could not be subdued for several hours. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. After the aircraft landed at Tenerife, the passengers were transported to the airport terminal. The 747 continued to accelerate, barreling directly toward the Pan Am jet still searching for the fourth exit. [18], Shortly afterward, the Pan Am was instructed to follow the KLM down the same runway, exit it by taking the third exit on their left and then use the parallel taxiway. But even highly experienced pilots can and do make mistakes under pressure. Because the flight crew was performing the checklist, copying the clearance was postponed until the aircraft was in takeoff position. If they had been paying close attention the pilots probably could have understood what was said, but such concentration is not normally needed and in this case was not applied. About two months before the accident, he had conducted the Boeing 747 qualification check on the co-pilot of Flight 4805. Qantas [14], Air traffic instruction must not be acknowledged solely with a colloquial phrase such as "OK" or even "Roger" (which simply means the last transmission was received),[60] but with a readback of the key parts of the instruction, to show mutual understanding. Tenerife Memorial On March 27th, 1977, a Boeing 747 of KLM Royal Dutch Airlines collided fatally with a 747 of Pan American Airlines on the runway of Los Rodeos International Airport on the Canary island of Tenerife. Flight Engineer Shreuder was the only one listening closely enough to discern what was said. Survived: 9 Died:9 Passengers Okay at the end of the runway make one-eighty and report, ah, ready for ATC clearance, said the controller. Video, 00:04:00, The 'Queen of Chess' who defeated Kasparov, Shuttle disaster: 'Something didn't look right' Video, 00:04:15, Shuttle disaster: 'Something didn't look right', The fish that nearly caused a war. On top of that, they had been on duty all day and were doubtlessly suffering from fatigue. He said Okay, then paused, as though trying to formulate a directive which would cover all contingencies. [8] Its cockpit crew consisted of Captain Jacob Veldhuyzen van Zanten (age 50),[9] First Officer Klaas Meurs (42), and Flight Engineer Willem Schreuder (48). [4] Dutch investigators placed a greater emphasis on a mutual misunderstanding in radio communications between the KLM crew and ATC,[5] but ultimately KLM admitted that their crew was responsible for the accident and the airline agreed to financially compensate the relatives of all of the victims. Nobody had control over the fog, without which the accident would not have occurred. [42] By March 30, a small plane shuttle service was approved, but large jets still could not land. No, I know that, he said. As police hurried to respond to the attack, the airport received a phone call warning of a second bomb, prompting the authorities to shut down the airport and evacuate the terminal. The result was a crew who were receptive to the idea that, in times of uncertainty, van Zanten was probably right and they were probably wrong. First, the criminalization of procedural violations placed undue stress and fear on the KLM crew, causing them to make decisions which were suboptimal. They also faced a crash scene which could only be described as apocalyptic. Uno, dos, tres, Flight Engineer Warns affirmed. Part of the wreckage of the two Boeing 747s, KLM 4805 and Pan Am 1736, which collided on the runway of Los Rodeos . Unfortunately, they would not be leaving Los Rodeos in a timely fashion. In this case, having spent a good chunk of the afternoon coordinating with the Pan Am plane, the KLM crew would have been primed to pay attention upon hearing the callsign Clipper. But in his final transmission to Pan Am 1736, the controller for the first time that day used the NATO alphabet callsign Papa Alpha instead, thus failing to capture the KLM pilots attention. The Northbrook couple survived the world's worst aviation disaster, which killed 583 people on March 27, 1977, when two jumbo jets collided on the runway of Los Rodeos Airport on the island of . The prevailing culture was one of deference to the captain, in which junior crewmembers did not feel empowered to assert themselves if they thought the captain was making a mistake. The big town on Tenerife is Santa Cruz, and its airport, beneath a set of cascading hillsides, is called Los Rodeos. The Pan Am crew replied: "OK, will report when we're clear." Yeah, hes anxious isnt he, said First Officer Bragg. The C-130 transport was arranged by Lt. Col Dr. James K. Slaton, who arrived before the crash investigators and started triaging surviving passengers. Video, 00:00:18Police carry away Greta Thunberg from protest, As far as pranks go it was a good one - Gary Lineker. But even highly experienced pilots can and do make mistakes under pressure enough!, Chess gets a risqu makeover been on duty all day and were doubtlessly suffering fatigue... Should leave the runway clear get magellantv here: https: //try.magellantv.com/brookemakenna get. 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