As social science program, it offers theories, concepts, field methods, culture appropriate research paradigms and a literature on indigenous Filipino topics in psychology. And what is the difference between moral standards and non moral standards? the textbook deinition of psychology as the study of behaviour and thoughts to Several materials in the diferent areas of psychology were published. psychology of Filipinos (as observed by foreigners or as felt and expressed by. Pakiramdam is described as an all-important "shared inner perception" that compliments the "shared identity" of kapwa. Salazar criticized Enriquez for including the study of Filipino-Americans in the discourse of Sikolohiyang Pilipino. ito ay para mas higit na mauunawaan ng isang Pilipino ang kanyang sarili upang sa gayon ay mapaunlad niya ang kanyang buhay. Salazar (1985b), through his analysis of indigenous history and culture of the Filipinos, points out the internality-externality component in the Filipino personality. applying such concepts to understand other social and cultural realities (De la Torre, He even looked beyond A woman who was raped is not stripped of her dangal even though her puri was taken away. Psychology, according to Salazar, is necessarily part of culture. Major characteristics of Sikolohiyang Pilipino as an indigenous Asian David taught psychology in Filipino the year before he left to pursue his Ph.D. at Temple University in Pennsylvania. Companies have also become more conscious of a management style that is appropriate and suited to Filipinos. Your comments, suggestions,queries, and other concernsare welcome here. It is commonly defined as the psychology rooted on the ideas, experiences, and cultural orientation of the Filipino people. They visit the indigenous healers for But after a few years, they became In place of clinical psychology and industrial psychology, he brought in health psychology, livelihood psychology, rural psychology, psychology of the arts, and others. Second, research participants should always be treated by researchers as equal, if not superior a fellow human being and not like a guinea pig whose sole function is to provide data. bias for wholeness. (Enriquez, 1976). are held in diferent regions of the country to encourage greater participation, to adapted to Filipino ways (Enriquez & Guanzon, 1985). They further noted She looked into the essential elements For example, psychological tests were He came up with a definition of psychology that takes into account the study of emotions and experienced knowledge (kalooban and kamalayan), awareness of ones surroundings (ulirat), information and understanding (isip), habits and behavior (another meaning of diwa), and the soul (kaluluwa) which is the way to learning about peoples conscience. It focuses on various themes such as identity and national consciousness, social awareness, and involvement, and it uses indigenous psychology to apply to various fields such as religion, mass media, and health. They may be outsiders to everyday Philippine experience but they still possess some critical elements of Philippine life and culture as transmitted by their parents and reinforced by their regular visits to the Philippines. It is not anti-Western theory and methods either, but against a non-selective use of imposition of Western knowledge. made tests lock, stock, and barrel, with no attempt whatsoever to adapt these tests important issue towards the end of this article. From this principle, certain behaviors on the part of the researcher are prescribed. This is called indigenization from within (as against indigenization from without), which means looking for the indigenous psychology from within the culture itself and not just clothing a foreign body with a local dress. manner of communicating and expressing thoughts, attitudes, feelings and Below are some highlights of the issues she raised in reading Salazar and Enriquez. the classroom from grade school to high school. Salazars more emic approach and Enriquezs more etic approach (without any one of them neglecting or emphasizing only one approach) when put together eventually leads to the formation of universal knowledge in psychology. Ang Pagbibigay Serbisyo/Paglilingkod ng Komunidad at Karapatan ng Bawat Kasapi, Kahalagahan ng mga Paglilingkod o Serbisyo sa Komunidad: Mga Ahensiya ng Pamahalaan, Anyong Lupa at Tubig: Mga Tanyag sa Pilipinas, Pagtangkilik sa Sariling Produkto: Mga Pagdiriwang (Festivals), Proyekto, at Gawain, Kultura ng Pilipinas: Ang Pagkakakilanlang Kultural at mga Produkto ng Komunidad, Halimbawa ng katutubong konsepto ng sikolohiyang pilipino, SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO (also called Filipino Psychology or Indigenous Filipino Psychology, A Moral Recovery Program: Building a PeopleBuilding a Nation by Patricia Licuanan, Organization of American States: Mga Layunin, Jose Rizal: On the Full Name of the Filipino Hero, Jose Rizal height: A discussion on how tall (or short) our hero was, Jose Rizal Family Tree: The Ancestry of the Hero, Ang Epekto ng Migrasyon sa Aspektong Panlipunan, Pampulitika, at Pangkabuhayan, Ang Epekto Ng Climate Change Sa Kapaligiran, Lipunan, At Kabuhayan Ng Tao Sa Bansa At Sa Daigdig, Some Ways to Become a Responsible Adolescent, Nasyonalismo at Patriotismo: Ang Pagkakaiba, Kantian Ethics: A Critical Analysis of Immanuel Kants Philosophy, Bonifacio Sends Valenzuela to Rizal in Dapitan, Ang Globalisasyon ng Kultura: Ang Dimensiyong Kultural ng Globalismo, Mga Paraan Ng Paglutas Sa Mga Paglabag Ng Karapatang Pantao, Ako Bilang Mag-aaral (Laban sa Pambubulas o Pambu-bully): Isang Essay, Moral Standards and Non Moral Standards (Difference and Characteristics), What is Moral Dilemma (And the Three Levels of Moral Dilemmas), Should Abortion be Tolerated or Legalized in the Philippines? ready to face the diicult situation before them, and will do their best to achieve It was during these trips that he was able to influence scholars living abroad (Filipinos and foreigners) to take a keen interest in Sikolohiyang Pilipino. confrontative surface values. This is the brand of psychology that Sikolohiyang Pilipino objects to. debt connotes, because in the Filipino pattern of interpersonal relations, there is scholars from diferent persuasions to give new meaning and direction to the, Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01. practice in a Philippine context, for example, livelihood psychology instead of street children, prostituted children, etc. looking at the problem of the children at two levels. Bartolome. He emphasized kapwa (shared identity) as core promote a more regional focus, and to encourage a more national view of For centuries, Filipino behavior has been To add to the negativity of this interpretation of hiya, Andres (1994) described hiya as an ingredient in why Filipinos overspend during fiestas in order to please their visitors, even to the extent of going into debt (p. 64). tendency for Sikolohiyang Pilipino to gloss over negative aspects of Philippine 1980s pointed out the twin problem of the inapplicability of foreign-made tests and For example, if one is regarded as ibang-tao, the of it. of tests in educational psychology which were locally developed in the 1950s, to the childs rights and welfare (Protacio-Marcelino, 1985). He argues that the valuing of a universal psychology is not reflected in Sikolohiyang Pilipinos accumulated body of literature and research data. to ask the researcher as many questions as they want, therefore acting much like a agriculture, art, mass media, religion, etc. least three (3) main core values under Sikolohiyang Pilipino: the. Enriquez was critical of this approach to the study of Filipino values. express themselves (without fear of making grammatical mistakes and then being But are they Jose Rizals children? Unfortunately, psychology is still a far from that goal in spite of over a hundred years of scientific research, said Enriquez (1987, p. 279). It can be From these researches, a Even with his Ph.D. dissertation which was written in English, he had to explain it to his father in Filipino. of psychology in understanding and helping solve the problems in Philippine society. elements of Filipino leadership. According to her, culture is not given nor static. Andres (1994, pp. He basically questioned Sikolohiyang Pilipinos position Key concepts and ideas of Filipino thinkers in the Social Sciences rooted in Filipino language - Read online for free. both physical and mental or emotional ailments. The U.P. Filipinos are good in sensing cues (magaling makiramdam), she upheld (Kapwahan, n.d.). Filipino subjects are more susceptible to hypnotic suggestions and enter into altered states of consciousness more readily than American subjects. MyInfoBasket.com, your site for Free Quality Online Learning Materials, humbly aims to be a repository of quality reading materials for various subjects. program focused mainly on crisis intervention through treatment and rehabilitation . Ten years ago, I transitioned to a plant-based diet which left my Filipino family and friends scratching their heads. Bahala-na! developed as a response to living along the earths fire-belt where erupting volcanoes, tidal waves, and tropical stormsan ever-restless environment has taught its inhabitants to be resourceful and creative in order to survive (Kapwahan, n.d.). Non-government organizations involved in community education particularly in Since the inception of Sikolohiyang Pilipino there has been a number of issues and Thus, using American categories and standards, the native Filipino enculturation/socialization, and proto- clinical practice). Pakiramdam operates behind all Filipino values. Since these theories are inevitably culture-bound, the picture of the Filipino has been inaccurate, if not distorted. (participant observation) (Bennagen, 1985), pakikisama (getting along with) Bakit unti-unti ng nababawasan ang wikang kapampangan. The concept of a great cultural divide While there may be no research as yet on cross-cultural comparisons of the The test administration procedures were also adapted to Filipino ways (Enriquez & Guanzon, 1985). who is a kind and honest person and respects the dignity of hard work has a lot of importance is attached to kamalayan (psyche), thus subsidiary importance attached Third, the welfare of the research participants take precedence over the data obtained from them. To many traditional researchers, her approach was avant-garde for she believed that it is not necessary to have a clear-cut research design nor a review of related literature before embarking on a research, especially if existing written materials are foreign to the culture being studied. He wrote: once AKO starts thinking of himself as separate from KAPWA, the Filipino self gets to be individuated as in the Western sense and, in effect, denies the status of KAPWA to the other. (Enriquez, as quoted in Kapwahan, n.d.). The Filipino language has two words for the English word honor: puri and dangal. of other cultures and ethnicities. The communication perspective has been used sparingly in the dissection of behavior. psychology that takes into account the study of emotions and experienced He even looked beyond the textbook definition of psychology as the study of behaviour and thoughts to examine what psychology means for the Filipinos. other side of the divide. The principal emphasis of Sikolohiyang Pilipino is to foster national identity and consciousness, social involvement, and psychology of language and culture. anu po ba ang kahulugan ng mamaltratuhin???????????????? To add to the negativity of this interpretation of hiya, Andres (1994) Lagmay (1977) explained that bahala na is not fatalism but determination and risk-taking. especially diicult circumstances such as children in situations of armed conlict, First, there should be a psychological tradition in Philippine culture before one can say that there is such a concept as Sikolohiyang Pilipino. Pambansang Samahan sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino. performances in cultural centres and theatres. Its philosophical antecedents include (a) empirical philosophy, academic- 1973) as a Filipino value, giving it the English translation of maintaining smooth While he agrees with situation. Salazar was both a friend and critic of Enriquezs work. expense of the very people from whom this understanding will spring. being. The articles to be read by the students were scattered in can give a new meaning to a word. Initially, students avoided classes which were conducted in Filipino because they were used to speaking English inside the classroom from grade school to high school. movement, the writings of Philippine heroes Jacinto, Mabini and del Pilar, ethnic Pioneering eforts were made by Elizabeth Thus, she advocates a critical perspective of culture and psychology that It is also against the imposition to a Third World country of psychologies developed in industrialized countries. He started preparing for the teaching of psychology in Filipino, and had a number of discussions (and arguments) with friends and professors at Northwestern University such as Ernesto Kole, Lee Sechrest and Donald Campbell. impressionistic point of view of the colonizers (Enriquez, 1992, p. 57). speciic needs and problems of the individual child. He believes that universal knowledge cannot be found at the level of phenomenon or experience but rather in the construction and interpretation of meaningful concepts and theories. It can also refer to virginity which is a virtue expected of unmarried Filipino women. The principal emphasis of Sikolohiyang Pilipino is to foster national identity and consciousness, social involvement, and psychology of language and culture. His Western education actually drove him to be more Filipino-oriented in his teaching and research in psychology. , n data over a period of time.2.a bar graph works similarly with a line graph,but it only differs in the use of bars of different heights to show different values.3.a circle graph or pie graph is used to present for porportions out of the whole.4.a chart is drawing that shows organization or relationship by using words,pictures, or symbols,or a combination of all three.5.a table is the presentation of information or data in columns and rows , Speech about persons with disabilities in English. from personal responsibility (Andres, 1994, p. 12). language. Thus, the move towards understanding Other so-called core values of Indigenous Filipino Psychology are either essentially related or mere derivatives of these three. It is based on assessing historical and socio- Sikolohiyang Pilipino is anchored on Filipino thought and experience as understood Enriquez built up a collection of student papers and set up a library of Philippine entry of Western psychology (mainly American tradition) at Philippine universities. Researchers always an opportunity to return a favor. This attitude Hollnsteiner (1961) took this interpretation further by claiming that the recipient of Ph. However, LGBs can possibly reveal their identity in an invalidating context that might cause them severe distress. The research, aside from being enlightening for the respondents, should also The greatest difficulty during the first semester was the lack of a textbook. This is only possible when Sikolohiyang Pilipino embarks on a search for its essence through indigenous concepts and methods. For him, what is important is the immediate application of psychology in understanding and helping solve the problems in Philippine society. comfortable in Filipino classes. It is in the Samahan sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino (PSSP, National Association for Filipino Thus, a poor person The principal emphasis ofSikolohiyang Pilipino is to foster national identity and consciousness, social involvement, and psychology of language and culture. The indirect pattern of communication of Filipinos has thus resulted in indirectness or euphemisms in verbal exchange, expressive body language, voice intonations that say more than the words themselves, and other similar behaviors. observers. Thus, she advocates a critical perspective of culture and psychology that looks into the dimensions of power and how this influences the articulation of concepts and theories in psychology. Lagmay had always been supportive of a Filipino orientation in psychology. (U. Sikolohiyang Pilipino also became interdisciplinary enriched by the different disciplines to become more solid and closer to Philippine reality. But looking at utang na loob more closely in the context of Filipino culture, it Zeus Salazar pinpointed four traditions upon which Philippine psychology is rooted (Filipino Psychology, n.d.): The following further define some of the distinctions of During his lifetime, Enriquez traveled a lot and in some cases lived for some time in to the Filipinos, but this is something researchers should be conscious of when inevitably culture-bound, the picture of the Filipino has been inaccurate, if not the favor is forced to show his (sic) gratitude properly by returning the favor with measurement, and saw a recent upsurge in the development of indigenous He therefore also 22 " Psychology is too important to be left to the psychologists alone. It was mentioned earlier in this article that Sikolohiyang Pilipino is regarded as a step towards the development of a truly universal psychology. Initial work on developing Sikolohiyang Pilipino concentrated on a type of indigenization which is based largely on simple translation of concepts, methods, theories and measures into Filipino. psychology in the service of all mankind, but with special emphasis on the 12. For example, in the method of pagtatanong-tanong (literally, asking questions, marked by casualness when in fact, the researcher is truly determined to get answers to his questions), the research participants are free to ask the researcher as many questions as they want, therefore acting much like a researcher themselves. hegemonic discourse by using discourse analysis in the context of a postmodern in Social Psychology and lost no time in Today, a large percentage of classes at the Much of the strategy for discovering Sikolohiyang Pilipino is based on assessing historical and socio-cultural realities, understanding the local language, unraveling Filipino characteristics and explaining them through the eyes of the native Filipino. In fact, this is expressed in a popular Filipino saying, Ang hindi lumingon sa pinanggalingan ay hindi makakarating sa paroroonan. The stream of nationalism was starting to have an effect on the teaching of different courses at U.P. While the elite speak English and occasionally throw in some French for comfort, the Filipino masses speak Filipino and a regional language (Enriquez, 1992, p. 22). In the 1970s and 1980s there were quite a number of these organizations in the In the 1960s, many Filipino intellectuals and scholars were already sensitive both to Enriquez (1985) later defined Sikolohiyang Pilipino as the study of diwa (psyche), which in Filipino directly refers to the wealth of ideas referred to by the philosophical concept of essence and an entire range of psychological concepts from awareness to motives to behavior (p. 160). He established the Philippine Psychology Research House (PPRH) which later became the Philippine Psychology Research and Training House (PPRTH). Tangco is in the They share the very same values that Filipinos in the Philippines hold dear, such as respect for elders, sense of family and community, value for education, appreciation of the language, and devotion to religion. the dearth of locally developed tests (Carlota, 1980; Guanzon, 1985; Lazo, 1977; dissatisfaction at the pejorative interpretations of Filipino behavior by Western It elaborates on indigenous research methods that are more relevant and appropriate to Philippine realities. tradition of Thomistic philosophy and psychology. In his From the beginning of the periods when the Philippines was colonized by Spain, and Pilipino instead of tracing these back to Western theories. 1975 article on the bases of Sikolohiyang Pilipino on culture and history (Enriquez, On the other hand, another type of indigenization was given more emphasis after the translation attempts failed to capture or express a truly Filipino psychology. foreigners) to take a keen interest in Sikolohiyang Pilipino. Using the same principles of Sikolohiyang Pilipino, social and clinical psychologists Ones personality therefore can be described as either adhering or deviating from these core values as interpreted by Sikolohiyang Pilipino. 4. One simply has to recognize, appreciate and emphasize the indigenous elements and reject the foreign aspects and put them in the context of Philippine colonial history. There is hesitation to react, attention to subtle cues, and non-verbal behavior in mental role-playing (if I were in the others situation, how would I feel). Hongkong. This was the time of the First Quarter Storm in the (being in-rapport/understanding/ acceptance with), or pakikisangkot (getting This type of psychology is already found in Philippine life and culture. Carlota (1980) noted several trends in personality measurement, citing developments in the areas of personality testing, and the measurement of abilities and aptitudes, and of deviant behavior. Philippines. Answer 29 people found it helpful jakemabanag Answer: The principal emphasis of Sikolohiyang Pilipino is to foster national identity and consciousness, social involvement, and psychology of language and culture. Halimbawa:Ang aklat na galing sa ibang bansa at inilagay sa isang silid-aklatan dito sa Pilipinas ay maaring maging isang bahagi na ng silid- aklatang iyon. Thus, a poor person who is a kind and honest person and respects the dignity of hard work has a lot of dangal. to please their visitors, even to the extent of going into debt (p. 64). When Filipinos utter the expression Bahala na! they are not leaving their theories and measures into Filipino. Thus there were conferences held in Tacloban, Bicol, Marawi and other places; the 1997 one was in Puerto Princesa in Palawan. Another American, Lynch (1961) saw hiya as the uncomfortable feeling that accompanies awareness of being in a socially unacceptable position, or performing a socially unacceptable action. For example, when an employee is scolded in front of other people. knowledge (kalooban and kamalayan), awareness of ones surroundings (ulirat), 9. Subsequently, the research included The Filipino language has two words for the English word honor: puri and dangal. Indeed, in the factor analysis of the PUP . Initially, she used the terminologies recommended by the National Science Filipinos, points out the internality-externality component in the Filipino personality. Bulatao (1978, cited in Enriquez, 1992), for example, made grassroots leadership formation. From the beginning of the periods when the Philippines was colonized by Spain, and then the USA, academic psychology, or the psychology taught in schools, was predominantly Western in theory and in methodology. It is in their After Enriquez arrived from the United States in 1971, he embarked on a full-scale Grace Orteza has improved on Sikolohiyang In the 1970s and 1980s there were quite a number of these organizations in the United States (San Francisco and New Haven), Japan, Malaysia, Thailand and Hongkong. Enriquez did not stop at hypothesis-generation (level of perceptual knowledge and experience) but rather went on to develop core concepts and theories in psychology (e.g., kapwa psychology) and linked these to the diverse realities and experiences of other cultures and ethnicities. questions Sikolohiyang Pilipinos methodology and practice and traces the problem It thus upholds the native history, values, and characteristics of a region, and develops theories, concepts, and methods with the Filipino culture as source. Fourth, the method to be used in a research should be chosen on the basis of appropriateness to the population (and not sophistication of the method) and it should be made to adapt to existing cultural norms. He believes that universal . This, in turn, gives birth to new theories and methodologies, as has already happened and is still happening at least in Asia and perhaps Latin America. Enriquez described this as a reflection of the language situation in the Philippine academic setting. Sikolohiyang Pilipino is a step towards contributing to universal psychology. David taught psychology in Filipino the year before he left to pursue his tenets of scientiic endeavor are upheld. Today, a large percentage of classes at the Department are conducted in Filipino, whether completely or partially. this is not possible, local researchers should be tapped for assistance. before asking questions on topics that are not that common to people. Aside from these major books, proceedings of the conferences on Sikolohiyang Pilipino have been published by the Pambansang Samahan sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino (PSSP, National. The first one was held in 1975 to discuss the status of psychology in the Philippines. kaasalang sekswal [sexual behavior], kakayahang magdala ng tensyon [ability to It was Psychology thesis in Filippino was written in 1972 by Amelia Alfonso. The response to Tangcos criticism is this: While Sikolohiyang Pilipino tends to be phenomenological in orientation, it has mechanisms in place to ensure that the tenets of scientific endeavor are upheld. There is also practical work currently going on in the area of feminist psychology. While psychological testing is of Western origin, the substance of the PUP originated from an understanding of the Filipinos. Educational psychology which were locally developed in the 1950s, to the childs rights welfare. Of psychology that Sikolohiyang Pilipino for including the study of Filipino-Americans in the Philippines, livelihood instead! Their heads of Quality reading materials for various subjects I transitioned to a diet... Of literature and research data research House ( PPRTH ) appropriate what is the importance of sikolohiyang pilipino suited to Filipinos Learning materials, aims... Saying, ang hindi lumingon sa pinanggalingan ay hindi makakarating sa paroroonan further! 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