[90][91][92] The incident of 1833 is particularly contentious; Argentina considers it proof of "Britain's usurpation" whereas the UK discounts it as a mere reassertion of its claim. [60] In April 1982 the Falklands War began when Argentine military forces invaded the Falklands and other British territories in the South Atlantic, briefly occupying them until a UK expeditionary force retook the territories in June. (2015 est.) ), Christian 57.1%, other 1.6%, none 35.4%, unspecified 6% (2016 est. Economy of the Falkland Islands The economy of the Falkland Islands, which first involved sealing, whaling and provisioning ships, became heavily dependent on sheep farming from the 1870s to 1980. There were continual tensions with the colonial administration over Lafone's failure to establish any permanent settlers, and over the price of beef supplied to the settlement. )country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): The two main islands are called West Falkland and East Falkland with the capital Stanley located on East Falkland. [110], The Falkland Islands are biogeographically part of the Antarctic zone,[111] with strong connections to the flora and fauna of Patagonia in mainland South America. Both the coins and stamps are a source of revenue from overseas collectors. In 1993, the British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands, and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day. According to Argentine legal analyst Roberto Laver, the United Kingdom disregards Jewett's actions because the government he represented "was not recognized either by Britain or any other foreign power at the time" and "no act of occupation followed the ceremony of claiming possession". In Spanish the territory was designated as Islas Malvinas (Falkland Islands). British administration was restored two months later at the end of the Falklands War. [34] Buenos Aires named Vernet military and civil commander of the islands in 1829,[35] and he attempted to regulate sealing to stop the activities of foreign whalers and sealers. Fishing licenses, tourism, and oil exploration round out the islands' economy. In May 2010 the first commercial oil discovery was made, signaling the potential for the development of a long term hydrocarbon industry in the Falkland Islands. [44] Since 2005 the SAFC has been largely moribund as the Argentine Government reduced co-operation, declining to continue the routine joint meeting process and suspending joint scientific activities. [34] In some years, such as 2007, it enters the FICZ with a resultant good harvest, it other years, such as 2009, it does not migrate as far south as the FICZ at all. [84] A British military garrison is stationed on the islands, and the Falkland Islands government funds an additional company-sized light infantry Falkland Islands Defence Force. The Illex squid (Illex argentinus) which typically has a mantle length of 20 to 28 centimetres (8 to 11in) and a weight of 150 to 500 grams (5 to 18oz) is the most important fish to the Falklands economy followed by its smaller cousin, the Patagonian squid (Doryteuthis gahi) which typically has a mantle length of 10 to 15 centimetres (4 to 6in) and a weight of 75 to 150 grams (3 to 5oz). [citation needed], The Falkland Islands have a GDP of $164.5million, and a per capita GDP of $70,800 (2015 estimate) compared with the United Kingdom GDP per capita of $35,200 (2009 estimate). [9] The name "Falklands" was not applied to the islands until 1765, when British captain John Byron of the Royal Navy claimed them for King George III as "Falkland's Islands". The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but today fishing contributes the bulk of economic activity. The largest company in the islands used to be the Falkland Islands Company (FIC), a publicly quoted company on the London Stock Exchange. [33], Tourism is the second-largest part of the economy. The Falkland Islands are a Tier I nation located in the South Atlantic Ocean off the tip of Argentina. )exports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. [33] The catch for the 2010 season in the Falklands recovered to 12105tonnes, but still the fourth lowest since the beginning of the licensing system. 1% [see also: GDP - per capita country ranks ], GDP - composition, by sector of origin: [153], The islands have one weekly newspaper The Penguin News,[154] and television and radio broadcasts generally feature programming from the United Kingdom. [120], The port settlement of Stanley has regained the islands' economic focus, with an increase in population as workers migrate from Camp. [48] Nevertheless the Falklands' geographic location proved ideal for ship repairs and the "Wrecking Trade", the business of selling and buying shipwrecks and their cargoes. (2015 est.) ), total: 1,000 (2020 est. (FY09/10)country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): [153] The Falklands' predominant and official language is English, with the foremost dialect being British English; nonetheless, some inhabitants also speak Spanish. [73] The Legislative Assembly, a unicameral legislature, consists of the chief executive, the director of finance and eight members (five from Stanley and three from Camp) elected to four-year terms by universal suffrage. ), total petroleum production: 0 bbl/day (2021 est. [57] However, in 2007 Argentina unilaterally withdrew from the agreement. In response to renewed calls from Argentina for Britain to relinquish control of the islands, a referendum was held in March 2013, which resulted in 99.8% of the population voting to remain a part of the UK. It then diversified and now has income from tourism, commercial fishing, and servicing the fishing industry as well as agriculture. Overview In 2020 Falkland Islands was the number 169 economy in the world in terms of total exports and the number 208 in total imports. Other types of fish form an insignificant part of the Falkland Islands' catch. The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but fishing and tourism currently comprise the bulk of economic activity. (2015 est.) [116] The islands' only native terrestrial mammal, the warrah, was hunted to extinction by European settlers. [40], With the establishment of the FICZ, the Falklands Fisheries Department issued licences that enable foreign vessels to fish in Falklands waters. In May 2010 the first commercial oil discovery was made, signaling the potential for the development of a long term hydrocarbon industry in the Falkland Islands. GDP (purchasing power parity): The minefields were fenced off and marked; there remain unexploded ordnance and improvised explosive devices. [113] There is also abundant arthropod diversity on the islands. (2016 est. )nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 163 (2018 est. Includes customs, culture, history, geography, economy current events, photos, video, and more. Exports for 2019 totalled 234m, thereby comfortably exceeding the value of imports for the same year (73.1m). [17] [33] Neither species was discovered in substantial numbers near the Falklands until the late 1980s. (2015) [76] The UK minister responsible for the Falkland Islands since 2022, Zac Goldsmith, administers British foreign policy regarding the islands. [16], The lllex squid has its spawning grounds at the mouth of the Ro de la Plata and a migratory pattern that takes it southwards along the Patagonian Shelf as far as the FICZ to its feeding grounds. 66 186 ), 0-14 years: NA15-24 years: NA25-54 years: NA55-64 years: NA65 years and over: NA, total dependency ratio: 39.8youth dependency ratio: 24.8elderly dependency ratio: 14.9potential support ratio: 6.7 (2021), urban population: 79.7% of total population (2023)rate of urbanization: 0.53% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. [53], Other sources of "tourist" revenue include spending by the British military personnel based on the islands, by business travellers and by pilgrims to the graves of both British and Argentine soldiers who fell in the 1982 Falklands War. The War of the Falkland Islands began with a successful invasion by Argentine forces on April 2, 1982, and ended with their surrender to British forces ten weeks later. Since 1984, efforts to diversify the economy have made fishing the largest part of the economy and brought increasing income from tourism. Location and Geography. 0.7836 [79], As a territory of the United Kingdom, the Falklands were part of the overseas countries and territories of the European Union until 2020. Apart from the Falkland Trough, this zone lies within the continental shelf. British Nationality (Falkland Islands) Act 1983, Timeline of the history of the Falkland Islands, British territories in the South Atlantic, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, British Nationality (Falkland Islands) Act, General Certificate of Secondary Education, Index of Falkland Islandsrelated articles, List of settlements in the Falkland Islands, "Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications", "Evidence of prehistoric human activity in the Falkland Islands". [29] Amid the British invasions of the Ro de la Plata during the Napoleonic Wars in Europe, the islands' governor evacuated the archipelago in 1806; Spain's remaining colonial garrison followed suit in 1811, except for gauchos and fishermen who remained voluntarily. [see also: Labor force country ranks ], Labor force - by occupation: ), a very small population, with most residents living in and around Stanley, deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season, 3,198 (2016 est. Largely a ruralagricultural economy produced an urban-rural dichotomy in the provision of education. [10] As of 2007[update], 670,000 sheep resided on the islands;[16] a 2011 report estimated the sheep population at over one million. Falkland Islands, also called Malvinas Islands or Spanish Islas Malvinas, internally self-governing overseas territory of the United Kingdom in the South Atlantic Ocean. [101] The archipelago consists of two main islands, West Falkland and East Falkland, and 776 smaller islands. The Falkland Islands are a self-governing British Overseas Territory. [97][98] Argentina does not recognise the Falkland Islanders as a partner in negotiations. The islands are a British Overseas Territory. The Falkland Islands use the Falkland pound, which is backed by the British pound. b) The CIA sometimes assigns counterintuitive ranks. [63][J] Demining operations recommenced in 2009 and were completed in October 2020. Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices, 2nd Edition [6 volumes] by J. Gordon Melton, Martin Baumann, ABC-CLIO, p. 1093. [124] The unemployment rate was 1% in 2016, and inflation was calculated at 1.4% in 2014. The islands are now self-financing except for defense. )crude oil estimated reserves: 0 barrels (2021 est. [18] The wool price suffered a slump in 2005/6 and a peak in 2008. )crude oil and lease condensate exports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est. 36 By 2002 the Falklands' economy was booming, with income from tourism and the sale of squid fishing licences as well as from indigenous fishing companies with locally registered boats. 24. (2014 est. [see also: Household income or consumption by percentage share - highest 10% country ranks ], Distribution of family income - Gini index: A significant number of the fish that are taken are migratory with the spawning grounds and feeding grounds of some species being highly dependent on the water temperature. According to the Falkland Islands Economy Report (2015), "because most goods consumed in the Falkland Islands are imported this makes the Islands highly integrated in the world economy. 19 million kWh (2016 est. )0.6391 (2013 est. )country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): Agricultural products, such as wool, meat, and vegetables are the foundation of the country's economy. [see also: Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10% country ranks ] ), total population: 1.12 male(s)/female (2016 est. Most of the fish that are harvested in the Falkland Islands waters are either squid or finfish. versttning med sammanhang av "reinvesting little" i engelska-ryska frn Reverso Context: During the two world wars the Falkland Islands Company and other absentee farm landlords consolidated their hold over the local economy reinvesting little. [66][K] The road network was also made more extensive, and the construction of RAF Mount Pleasant allowed access to long haul flights. The economic stagnation present echoes the same troubles that led to the 1982 conflict, and its purpose as a means of . NA [see also: GDP - real growth rate country ranks ], GDP - per capita: [61], In February 2010, exploratory drilling for oil was begun by Desire Petroleum,[62] but the results from the first test well were disappointing. (2014 est. Please ADD this page to your FAVORITES - - - - - )[12], Electricity production by source: (2016 est. [37], Buenos Aires attempted to retain influence over the settlement by installing a garrison, but a mutiny in 1832 was followed the next year by the arrival of British forces who reasserted Britain's rule. )country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): [56] In 1965, the UN General Assembly passed Resolution 2065, calling for both states to conduct bilateral negotiations to reach a peaceful settlement of the dispute. This zone was later to become the Falklands Inner Conservation Zone (FICZ). ), fodder and vegetable crops; venison, sheep, dairy products; fish, squid, agriculture: 41%industry: 24.5%services: 34.5% (2015 est. The capital and major town is Stanley, on East . [33] Initially licences were issued on a total allowable effort (TAE) but in 2007, the toothfish longline fishery became the first fishery in the Falkland Islands to be issued on a total allowable catch (TAC) basis. [44] In 1840, the Falklands became a Crown colony and Scottish settlers subsequently established an official pastoral community. (2016 est. [65] On 17 September 2010, Rockhopper Exploration published the results of the borehole analysis the well was drilled in water 451m deep and a flow test showed that a payable oil column of 53m was capable of producing over 2,000 barrels per day (320m3/d). )transmission/distribution losses: 1 million kWh (2019 est. The constitution requires the governor of the islands to seek the approval of a British Secretary of State before assenting to any bill that affects "the currency of the Falkland Islands or relating to the issue of banknotes" or any bill that establishes "any banking association or altering the constitution, rights or duties of any such association". [42][H] The British troops departed after completing their mission, leaving the area without formal government. The land has a total area of 12,173 km (4,700 mi) and a total coastline of 1,288 km (800.3 mi). [90][99][100], The Falkland Islands have a land area of 4,700sqmi (12,000km2) and a coastline estimated at 800mi (1,300km). The archipelago, with an area of 4,700sqmi (12,000km2), comprises East Falkland, West Falkland, and 776 smaller islands. (2017 est.) )$164.5 million (2014 est. )consumption: 19.133 million kWh (2019 est. N/A; Statistics; GDP: $193.28 million (2017) GDP rank: 222nd (PPP, 2007) GDP per capita. )country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): [45], The table below shows the average catch in tonnes of various species (as categorised by FIFD - Falkland Island Fishing Department) for successive five-year periods. Foreign exchange earnings come from shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and from the sale of postage stamps and coins. The convention requires that member states who are not parties to the Antarctic Treaty accept certain provisions of that treaty. [21] An additional cost borne by producers on West Falklands is the fare charged for crossing the Falklands Sound. (FY09/10)country comparison to the world (CIA rank, may be based on non-current data): [26] Problems began when Spain detected and captured Port Egmont in 1770. The Falkland Islands' International Leisure Tourism Statistics Report is produced annually and contains detailed information about tourist arrivals including purpose of visit, country of residence, mode of transport, age, gender and length of stay. Brexit has severely affected the economy of the Falkland Islands. Since 2003 the relative premium commanded by higher quality wool has increased with coarser wool missing out on the high prices in 2008. 79.6, improved: urban: 100% of populationrural: 78.2% of populationtotal: 95.3% of populationunimproved: urban: 0% of populationrural: 21.8% of populationtotal: 4.7% of population (2020), improved: urban: 100% of populationrural: 100% of populationtotal: 100% of populationunimproved: urban: 0% of populationrural: 0% of populationtotal: 0% of population (2020), overfishing by unlicensed vessels is a problem; reindeer - introduced to the islands in 2001 from South Georgia - are part of a farming effort to produce specialty meat and diversify the islands' economy; this is the only commercial reindeer herd in the world unaffected by the 1986 Chornobyl disaster; grazing threatens important habitats including tussac grass and its ecosystem with penguins and sea lions; soil erosion from fires, conventional long form: noneconventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)etymology: the archipelago takes its name from the Falkland Sound, the strait separating the two main islands; the channel itself was named after the Viscount of FALKLAND, who sponsored an expedition to the islands in 1690; the Spanish name for the archipelago derives from the French "Iles Malouines," the name applied to the islands by French explorer Louis-Antoine de BOUGAINVILLE in 1764, parliamentary democracy (Legislative Assembly); self-governing overseas territory of the UK, overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina, name: Stanleygeographic coordinates: 51 42 S, 57 51 Wtime difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)etymology: named after Edward SMITH-STANLEY (1799-1869), the 14th Earl of Derby, a British statesman and three-time prime minister of the UK who never visited the islands, none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina), history: previous 1985; latest entered into force 1 January 2009 (The Falkland Islands Constitution Order 2008), chief of state: King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); represented by Governor Alison BLAKE (since 23 July 2022)head of government: Chief Executive Andy KEELING (since April 2021)cabinet: Executive Council elected by the Legislative Councilelections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; chief executive appointed by the governor, description: unicameral Legislative Assembly, formerly the Legislative Council (10 seats; 5 members directly elected in the Stanley constituency and 3 members in the Camp constituency by simple majority vote, 2 appointed non-voting ex-officio members - the chief executive, appointed by the governor, and the financial secretary; members serve 4-year terms); note - several previous referendums - the latest in September 2020 - on whether to merge the Stanley and Camp constituencies into a single islands wide constituency, failedelections: last held on 4 November 2021 (next to be held in November 2025)election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independent 8; composition of elected members -men 6, women 2, percent of women 25%, highest court(s): Court of Appeal (consists of the court president, the chief justice as an ex officio non-resident member, and 2 justices of appeal); Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice); note - appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are referred to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)judge selection and term of office: chief justice, court of appeal president, and justices appointed by the governor; tenure specified in each justice's instrument of appointmentsubordinate courts: Magistrate's Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction, embassy: none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina), blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising was once the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT, name: "Song of the Falklands"lyrics/music: Christopher LANHAMnote: adopted 1930s; the song is the local unofficial anthem; as a territory of the United Kingdom, "God Save the King" is official (see United Kingdom). 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Barrels ( 2021 est 19.133 million kWh ( 2019 est nuclear: 0 barrels ( 2021.. Transmission/Distribution losses: 1 million kWh ( 2019 est n/a ; falkland islands' economy ; GDP: $ million! In the South Atlantic Ocean off the tip of Argentina since 2003 the relative premium commanded by higher quality has. [ 124 ] the unemployment rate was 1 % in 2016, and more the South Atlantic Ocean off tip... 21 ] an additional cost borne by producers on West Falklands is the fare for... 97 ] [ 98 ] Argentina does not recognise the Falkland Islands ' only native terrestrial mammal, warrah! Colony and Scottish settlers subsequently established an official pastoral community economic stagnation present the...
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