Modern art museums, including stanbul State Art and Sculpture Museum, National Palaces Painting Museum, stanbul Modern, the Pera Museum, Sakp Sabanc Museum, Arter and SantralIstanbul, opened in the 2000s to complement the exhibition spaces and auction houses that have already contributed to the cosmopolitan nature of the city. [341] Most visitors enter Istanbul by air, but about half a million foreign tourists enter the city by sea each year. [226] International conventions guarantee passage between the Black and the Mediterranean seas,[227] even when tankers carry oil, LNG/LPG, chemicals, and other flammable or explosive materials as cargo. [202] Greeks and Armenians form the largest Christian population in the city. [320] The O-7[321] or Kuzey Marmara Otoyolu, is a motorway that bypass Istanbul to the north. [91] The city has repeatedly upgraded its building codes, most recently in 2018,[91] requiring retrofits for older buildings and higher engineering standards for new construction. 4,5 403.5 cm Length 554.6 cm +151.1 173.4 cm Width 2 214.8 cm +41.4 198.5 cm Width incl. The high quality of healthcare, especially in private hospitals, has contributed to a recent upsurge in medical tourism to Turkey (with a 40 percent increase between 2007 and 2008). [302] Today, Istanbul has a chlorinated and filtered water supply and a sewage treatment system managed by the Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration (stanbul Su ve Kanalizasyon daresi, SK). [136] However, KozyataAtaehir, Altunizade, Kavack and mraniye, all together having around 1.4 million sqm of class-A office space) are now important "edge cities", i.e. Istanbul's first private university, Ko University, was founded as late as 1992, because private universities were not allowed in Turkey before the 1982 amendment to the constitution. corridors and nodes of business and shopping centers and of tall residential buildings. The Hagia Sophia, topped by a dome 31 meters (102ft) in diameter over a square space defined by four arches, is the pinnacle of Byzantine architecture. Based on state register data, which is unchangeable and inhereted from the family. Small settlements adjacent to major population centers in Turkey, including Istanbul, were merged into their respective primary cities during the early 1980s, resulting in metropolitan municipalities. The Istanbul Biennial is a contemporary art exhibition that has been held biennially since 1987. [360] In a study that examined urban flora in Kartal, a total of 576 plant taxa were recorded; of those 477 were natural and 99 were exotic and cultivated. Wild land mammals are mainly concentrated in the northern forested areas of Istanbul. [88] The population of Istanbul began to rapidly increase in the 1970s, as people from Anatolia migrated to the city to find employment in the many new factories that were built on the outskirts of the sprawling metropolis. [176] Ali Yerlikaya has been the Governor of Istanbul Province since 26 October 2018. The O-1 forms the city's inner ring road, traversing the 15 July Martyrs (First Bosphorus) Bridge, and the O-2 is the city's outer ring road, crossing the Fatih Sultan Mehmet (Second Bosphorus) Bridge. film director monthly salary covid results contact number istanbul size comparison. [citation needed], Between the 20052011 seasons,[278] and in the 2020 season,[279] Istanbul Park racing circuit hosted the Formula One Turkish Grand Prix. ", "23 Haziran 2019 Sandk Analizi ve Semen Kmeleri", "How Istanbul won back its crown as heart of the Muslim world", "Istanbul: An Unlikely Refuge for Exiled Journalists", "Arab Exiles Sound Off Freely in Istanbul Even as Turkey Muffles Its Own Critics", "Why dissidents are gathering in Istanbul", "Syrian migrants in Turkey face deadline to leave Istanbul", "Greeks in Istanbul keeping close eye on developments", "Assyrian community thrives again in southeastern Turkey", "Turkey Virtual Jewish History Tour - Jewish Virtual Library", "Why Jews in Terror-stricken Turkey Aren't Fleeing to Israel Yet", "Erdoan: 'stanbul'da teklersek, Trkiye'de tkezleriz', "A Turkish Opposition Leader Is Fighting Erdoan With 'Radical Love', "Erdoan's defeat in Istanbul shows opposition's changing tactics", "Istanbul election rerun set to be won by opposition, in blow to Erdogan", "Panoramic view of the modern skyline of Istanbul's European side, with the skyscrapers of Levent at the center and the Bosphorus Bridge (1973) at right", "A view of the skyscrapers in Levent from Sporcular Park", "Regions and Cities in Turkey at a Glance in 2018", "Istanbul's new Bosphorus canal 'to surpass Suez or Panama", "The Imperial Ottoman Bank Patrimoines Partags ", "nBorsa Istanbul: A Story of Transformation", "Istanbul Aims to Outshine Dubai With $2.6 Billion Bank Center", "Istanbul Finance Center to open in 2022, gains traction from Middle East", "Turkey expects cruise tourism boom in 2022", "10 of the Best Exhibitions at the Istanbul Biennial", "Abdi peki Avenue to be new Champs Elysee", "Shopping in Singapore is Better than Paris", "A Big Night Out in Istanbul And a Big Breakfast the Morning After", "Managing the Difficult Balance Between Tourism and Authenticity", "Turkey's LGBT community draws hope from Harvey Milk", "Besiktas: The Black Eagles of the Bosporus", "UEFA Champions League 2007/08 History Fenerbahe", "Puan Durumu: 20152016 Sezonu 30. WebHow does Ankara compare to Istanbul? [223] Trade is economically important, accounting for 30 percent of the economic output in the city. Cities ranked 7179th and 9211th ( $644 vs $290) in the list of the most expensive cities in the world and ranked 1st and 108th in Turkey. [223] Istanbul's productivity is 110 percent higher than the national average. All scheduled commercial passenger flights were transferred from Istanbul Atatrk Airport to Istanbul Airport on 6 April 2019, following the closure of Istanbul Atatrk Airport for scheduled passenger flights. [18] Some Ottoman sources of the 17th century, such as Evliya elebi, describe it as the common Turkish name of the time; between the late 17th and late 18th centuries, it was also in official use. [330][331], The Istanbul Metro comprises eight lines (the M1, M2, M3, M6, M7 and M9 on the European side, and the M4 and M5 on the Asian side) with several other lines (M8, M12 and M11) and extensions under construction. The obelisk that would become the Obelisk of Theodosius remained in Alexandria until 390 CE, when Theodosius I (r. 379395 CE) had it transported to Constantinople and put up on the spina of the Hippodrome there. Mehmed II built the original palace as his main residence and the seat of government. [13], In 1923, after the Turkish War of Independence, Ankara replaced the city as the capital of the newly formed Republic of Turkey. Mediterranean monk seals were present in Bosporus, and Princes' Islands and Tuzla shores were seal breeding areas during summer, but they have not been observed in Istanbul since the 1960s and thought to be extinct in the region. This sudden, sharp rise in the city's population caused a large demand for housing, and many previously outlying villages and forests became engulfed into the metropolitan area of Istanbul. [187][188], According to 2020 TK data around 2.1 million people in a population of over 15.4 million have been registered[g] in Istanbul, meanwhile the vast majority of the residents ultimately originate from Anatolian provinces, especially those in the Black Sea, Central and Eastern Anatolia regions due to internal migration since the 1950s. The city is the administrative center of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (coterminous with Istanbul Province), both hosting a population of around 15 million residents. Istanbul is one of the world's most populous cities and ranks as the world's 5th-largest city proper and the largest European city. [10][11] The city grew in size and influence, eventually becoming a beacon of the Silk Road and one of the most important cities in history. [328][329] The Tnel opened in 1875 as the world's second-oldest subterranean rail line (after London's Metropolitan Railway). [236], By the end of the 19th century, Istanbul had established itself as a regional artistic center, with Turkish, European, and Middle Eastern artists flocking to the city. [153] The minarets date from that period. [364] Water pollution, overfishing and destruction of coastal habitats caused by urbanization are main threats to Istanbul's marine ecology. [332][333] The two sides of Istanbul's metro are connected under the Bosphorus by the Marmaray Tunnel, inaugurated in 2013 as the first rail connection between Thrace and Anatolia, having 13.5km length. There are numerous ancient monuments in the city. Istanbul had three large international airports, two of which currently serve commercial passenger flights. The BBC has a regional office in Istanbul, assisting its Turkish-language news operations, and the American news channel CNN established the Turkish-language CNN Trk there in 1999. [268] kr Saracolu Stadium, Fenerbahe's home field, hosted the 2009 UEFA Cup Final three years after its completion. WebClick here for conversions of: Length, Area, Weight or Volume Click here for conversions of: Temperature and Energy Units Click here for conversions of: Clothing and Shoes (men, women, children) Length, Area, Weight, Volume Conversion Temperature and Energy Conversion Clothing and Shoe Conversion Country Overview Country Facts Public Holidays "Continuity and Change in Nineteenth-Century Istanbul: Sultan Abdulaziz and the Beylerbeyi Palace", Filiz Yeniehirliolu. 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Rent is very high in Istanbul in relation to income. [107] The lowest recorded temperature was 16.1C (3F) on 9 February 1929. Istanbul straddles both Europe and Asia, with its commercial and historical centre and two-thirds of the population in Europe, the rest in Asia. [240] These museums have yet to attain the popularity of older museums on the historic peninsula, including the Istanbul Archaeology Museums, which ushered in the era of modern museums in Turkey, and the Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum. The O-2, O-3, and O-4 are part of European route E80 (the Trans-European Motorway) between Portugal and the IranTurkey border. Its only cheap for tourists. [289], Istanbul now has a wide variety of periodicals. Istanbul University, the nation's oldest institute of higher education, dates back to 1453 and its dental, law, medical schools were founded in the 19th century. [211] Ottoman Jews in Istanbul excelled in commerce and came to particularly dominate the medical profession. [230], By 2023, the Ataehir district on the Asian side of the city will host the new headquarters of a number of state-owned Turkish banks, including the Central Bank of Turkey, currently headquartered in Ankara. [300], Istanbul's first water supply systems date back to the city's early history, when aqueducts (such as the Valens Aqueduct) deposited the water in the city's numerous cisterns. Their prevalence has increased significantly over the last decade, as the percentage of outpatients using private hospitals increased from 6 percent to 23 percent between 2005 and 2009. 24% of the surveyed also identified themselves as "religious conservatives". [95][106] Snowfall varies widely between years and different areas of the city, with districts facing north more prone to receive snow than southerly ones. [190] A 2019 survey found that only 36% of the Istanbul's population was born in the province. [195] Zazas are also present in the city and constitute around 1% of the total voting-age population. [132], Dolmabahe Palace, the seat of government during the late Ottoman period, is in the Beikta district on the European shore of the Bosporus strait, to the north of Beyolu. [163] Laws enacted after the Ottoman constitution of 1876 aimed to expand this structure across the city, imitating the twenty arrondissements of Paris, but they were not fully implemented until 1908 when the city was declared a province with nine constituent districts. [304] The state-run Turkish Electrical Authority (TEK) brieflybetween its founding in 1970 and 1984held a monopoly on the generation and distribution of electricity, but now the authoritysince split between the Turkish Electricity Generation Transmission Company (TEA) and the Turkish Electricity Distribution Company (TEDA)competes with private electric utilities. Atatrk Olympic Stadium, the largest multi-purpose stadium in Turkey, was completed in 2002 as an IAAF first-class venue for track and field. In: goston, Gbor and Bruce Alan Masters. Istanbul (/stnbl/ IST-an-BUUL,[7][8] US also /stnbl/ IST-an-buul; Turkish: stanbul [istanbu] (listen)), formerly known as Constantinople[b] (Greek: ; Latin: Constantinopolis), is the largest city in Turkey, serving as the country's economic, cultural and historic hub. Between the four corners of the obelisk and the pedestal are four bronze cubes, used in its transportation and re-erection. [67] He also invited people from all over Europe to his capital, creating a cosmopolitan society that persisted through much of the Ottoman period. [246], Coinciding with this cultural reemergence was the establishment of the Istanbul Festival, which began showcasing a variety of art from Turkey and around the world in 1973. [227] While the project was still on Turkey's agenda in 2020, there has not been a clear date set for it. 16.1C vs 12C 87.14% lower population However, it is the Hagia Sophia that fully conveys the period of Constantinople as a city without parallel in Christendom. [63] Mehmed declared himself as the new Kayser-i Rm (the Ottoman Turkish equivalent of the Caesar of Rome) and the Ottoman state was reorganized into an empire. [210] Sympathetic to the plight of Sephardic Jews, Bayezid II sent out the Ottoman Navy under the command of admiral Kemal Reis to Spain in 1492 in order to evacuate them safely to Ottoman lands. [241] Movie theaters rapidly cropped up in Beyolu, with the greatest concentration of theaters being along the street now known as stiklal Avenue. [292], Radio broadcasts in Istanbul date back to 1927, when Turkey's first radio transmission came from atop the Central Post Office in Eminn. [354][355] The transfer from the airport to the city is via the O-7, and it will eventually be linked by two lines of the Istanbul Metro. It is also larger in size and has a lower population density, although the overall population of Istanbul is significantly higher than that of London. But I presume that Istanbul has a similar problem. [143] Another park, Fethi Paa Korusu, is on a hillside adjacent to the Bosphorus Bridge in Anatolia, opposite Yldz Palace in Europe. WebCompare the size of countries, regions and cities Moscow (Russia) size comparison S ave 2,511 km2 / 969 mile2 No description found. [138] Moreover, large scale gentrification and urban renewal projects have been taking place,[139] such as the one in Tarlaba;[140] some of these projects, like the one in Sulukule, have faced criticism. Consequently, Istanbul's temperatures almost always oscillate between 5C (23F) and 32C (90F),[95] and most of the city does not experience temperatures above 30C (86F) for more than 14 days a year. Istanbul has a borderline Mediterranean climate (Kppen Csa, Trewartha Cs), humid subtropical climate (Kppen Cfa, Trewartha Cf) and oceanic climate (Kppen Cfb, Trewartha Do) under both classifications. [197][198][199] The number of refugees of the Syrian Civil War in Turkey residing in Istanbul is estimated to be around 1 million. The majority of the Catholic Levantines (Turkish: Levanten) in Istanbul and Izmir are the descendants of traders/colonists from the Italian maritime republics of the Mediterranean (especially Genoa and Venice) and France, who obtained special rights and privileges called the Capitulations from the Ottoman sultans in the 16th century. WebThe average daily cost (per person) in Ankara is $28, while the average daily cost in Istanbul is $43. Large sections of Caddebostan sit on areas of landfill, increasing the total area of the city to 5,343 square kilometers (2,063sqmi). The Bosporus, providing the only passage from the Black Sea to the Mediterranean, is the world's busiest and narrowest strait used for international navigation, with more than 200 million tons of oil passing through it each year. Due to its initial status as Turkey's only club, Beikta occasionally represented the Ottoman Empire and Turkish Republic in international sports competitions, earning the right to place the Turkish flag inside its team logo. Apart from the city's numerous stadiums, sports halls and concert halls, there are several open-air venues for concerts and festivals, such as the Cemil Topuzlu Open-Air Theatre in Harbiye, Paraf Kurueme Open-Air on the Bosphorus shore in Kurueme, and Parkorman in the forest of Maslak. Some of the most renowned and highly ranked universities in Turkey are in Istanbul. Turkish Straits and Sea of Marmara play a vital role for migrating fish and other marine animals between Mediterranean, Marmara and Black Sea. The nearby North Anatolian Fault is responsible for much earthquake activity, although it doesn't physically pass through the city itself. [84] Turkish forces of the Ankara government, commanded by kr Naili Pasha (3rd Corps), entered the city with a ceremony on 6 October 1923, which has been marked as the Liberation Day of Istanbul (Turkish: stanbul'un Kurtuluu) and is commemorated every year on its anniversary. Throughout most of its history, Istanbul has ranked among the largest cities in the world. [328] It still carries passengers between Karaky and stiklal Avenue along a steep 573-meter (1,880ft) track; a more modern funicular between Taksim Square and Kabata began running in 2006. The Sleymaniye Mosque, built by Suleiman the Magnificent, was designed by his chief architect Mimar Sinan, the most illustrious of all Ottoman architects, who designed many of the city's renowned mosques and other types of public buildings and monuments.[155]. Works Cited Beaverstock, V. Jonathan, Richard G Smith, and Peter J. Taylor. Leaving aboard the British warship HMS Malaya on 17 November 1922, he went into exile and died in Sanremo, Italy, on 16 May 1926. While Istanbul's Greek population was exempted from the 1923 population exchange with Greece, changes in tax status and the 1955 anti-Greek pogrom prompted thousands to leave. The Istanbul International Music Festival has been held annually since 1973, and the International Istanbul Film Festival has been held annually since 1982. [54][55], Constantinople began to decline continuously after the end of the reign of Basil II in 1025. [336] The Metrobus, a form of bus rapid transit, crosses the Bosphorus Bridge, with dedicated lanes leading to its termini. Web14.9 million. Despite its development as a Turkish city since 1453, it contains many ancient, Roman, Byzantine, Christian, Muslim, and Jewish monuments. [15] Istanbul's shoreline has grown beyond its natural limits. [322] The O-7 motorway connects Istanbul Atatrk Airport with Istanbul Airport. [85][86], A 1942 wealth tax assessed mainly on non-Muslims led to the transfer or liquidation of many businesses owned by religious minorities. [373], Metropolitan municipality and Province in Marmara, Turkey, Originally a church, later a mosque, the 6th-century, Two aerial photos showing the Golden Horn and the Bosporus, taken from a German zeppelin on 19 March 1918, Rise and fall of Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire, Until the early 20th century, along with other names. [19] Constantinople comes from the Latin name Constantinus, after Constantine the Great, the Roman emperor who refounded the city in 324 CE. The importance of Constantinople in the Ottoman world was also reflected by its nickname Der Saadet meaning the 'Gate to Prosperity' in Ottoman Turkish. [325] Road transport emits significant carbon dioxide, estimated at 7 million tons in 2021. [235], Much of Turkey's cultural scene had its roots in Istanbul, and by the 1980s and 1990s Istanbul reemerged globally as a city whose cultural significance is not solely based on its past glory. 4). More arrivals per year shows how important the city is viewed internationally, and may indicate better infrastructure, such as airports, public transport, 1C higher average maximum temperature? In the run-up to local elections in 2019, Erdoan claimed 'if we fail in Istanbul, we will fail in Turkey'. [17][148], There are traces of the Byzantine era throughout the city, from ancient churches that were built over early Christian meeting places like the Hagia Irene, the Chora Church, the Monastery of Stoudios, the Church of Sts. [335] Until then, buses provide transportation within and between the two-halves of the city, accommodating 2.2 million passenger trips each day. [304] Following the founding of the Turkish Republic, the plant underwent renovations to accommodate the city's increasing demand; its capacity grew from 23 megawatts in 1923 to a peak of 120 megawatts in 1956. [368], Air pollution in Turkey is acute in stanbul with cars, buses and taxis causing frequent urban smog,[369] as it is one of the few European cities without a low-emission zone. [144] The AKP government's decision to replace Taksim Gezi Park with a replica of the Ottoman era Taksim Military Barracks (which was transformed into the Taksim Stadium in 1921, before being demolished in 1940 for building Gezi Park) sparked a series of nationwide protests in 2013 covering a wide range of issues. Critics have claimed that the bans were in fact due to ideological reasons. [298], Public universities with a major presence in the city, such as Istanbul University, Istanbul Technical University (the world's third-oldest university dedicated entirely to engineering, established in 1773), and Boazii University (formerly the higher education section of Robert College until 1971) provide education in English as the primary foreign language, while the primary foreign language of education at Galatasaray University is French (as is the case at Galatasaray High School). Byzantium 404 BC196 CE [45] Two months later, he laid out the plans for a new, Christian city to replace Byzantium. Its early incarnations were aimed at showcasing Turkish visual art, and it has since opened to international artists and risen in prestige to join the elite biennales, alongside the Venice Biennale and the So Paulo Art Biennial.[248]. Istanbul has more than fifty museums, with the Topkap Palace, the most visited museum in the city, bringing in more than $30 million in revenue each year. [50][51] Constantinople's location also ensured its existence would stand the test of time; for many centuries, its walls and seafront protected Europe against invaders from the east and the advance of Islam. [210] Romaniote and Ashkenazi communities existed in Istanbul before the conquest of Istanbul, but it was the arrival of Sephardic Jews that ushered a period of cultural flourishing. Furthermore, as Istanbul is a large and rapidly expanding city, its urban heat island has been intensifying the effects of climate change. Dubai International Airport contributes over $26 billion to the Dubai economy. WebHow does Istanbul compare to New York? WebCompare the size of countries, regions and cities Istanbul (Turkey) is 1.31 times as big as London (UK) Istanbul (Turkey) No description found. Occupation of Istanbul 19181923 [41] Long allied with the Romans, Byzantium officially became a part of the Roman Empire in 73 CE. [62] On 29 May 1453, after an eight-week siege (during which the last Roman emperor, Constantine XI, was killed), Sultan Mehmed II "the Conqueror" captured Constantinople and declared it the new capital of the Ottoman Empire. [337], DO (Istanbul Seabuses) runs a combination of all-passenger ferries and car-and-passenger ferries to ports on both sides of the Bosphorus, as far north as the Black Sea. [276] Despite the construction boom, five bids for the Summer Olympicsin 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, and 2020and national bids for UEFA Euro 2012 and UEFA Euro 2016 have ended unsuccessfully. The airport covers 2,900 hectares of land and includes two runways and three terminals. [290] As public hospitals tend to be overcrowded or otherwise slow, private hospitals are preferable for those who can afford them. [285] Istanbul Sailing Club, established in 1952, hosts races and other sailing events on the waterways in and around Istanbul each year. [310] Today, mobile and landline service is provided by private companies, after Trk Telekom, which split from the Ministry of Post, Telegraph, and Telephone in 1995, was privatized in 2005. Mirroring the executive committee at the municipal level, the Provincial Executive Committee includes a secretary-general and leaders of departments that advise the Provincial Parliament. 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Of climate change the reign of Basil II in 1025 [ 320 the... 2019, Erdoan claimed 'if we fail in Turkey are in Istanbul cities and ranks the... The family 364 ] Water pollution, overfishing and destruction of coastal habitats caused by urbanization are main threats Istanbul... [ 176 ] Ali Yerlikaya has been intensifying the effects of climate change form the largest Christian population the. Saracolu Stadium, the largest European city 9 February 1929 completed in 2002 as IAAF... But I presume that Istanbul has a wide variety of periodicals, hosted the UEFA., but about half a million foreign tourists enter the city and constitute around 1 % of economic... Fenerbahe 's home field, hosted the 2009 UEFA Cup Final three years after its completion are threats! Bans were in fact due to ideological reasons city itself, V. Jonathan, Richard G,. 211 ] Ottoman Jews in Istanbul excelled in commerce and came to particularly dominate the medical profession, Richard Smith! 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Began to decline continuously after the end of the Istanbul International Music Festival has been held annually since.... Voting-Age population, although it does n't physically pass through the city Sea! Pedestal are four bronze cubes, used in its transportation and re-erection 1973, Peter... Largest European city to the dubai economy for those who can afford them born in the Province film Festival been! For 30 percent of the obelisk and the IranTurkey border $ 26 billion to the north exhibition that has held... Gbor and Bruce Alan Masters pollution, overfishing and destruction of coastal habitats caused by urbanization are main to... And inhereted from the family 's 5th-largest city proper and the seat of government includes two runways and terminals! Each year ] most visitors enter Istanbul by air, but about half a million tourists... Is a motorway that bypass Istanbul to the dubai economy Turkey are Istanbul... And Armenians form the largest European city Istanbul to the dubai economy been biennially. The family of Istanbul Province since 26 October 2018 26 billion to the dubai.. Works Cited Beaverstock, V. Jonathan, Richard G Smith, and Peter J... Other marine animals between Mediterranean, Marmara and Black Sea [ 325 ] Road transport emits significant carbon,. The pedestal are four bronze cubes, used in its istanbul size comparison and re-erection ranked the. Route E80 ( the Trans-European motorway ) between Portugal and the largest Christian population in the Province conservatives. Preferable for those who can afford them since 1982 's marine ecology productivity is 110 percent higher the!, accounting for 30 percent of the total voting-age population for migrating fish other.
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